Para hacer ping a un host o dirección basada en IPv4, use el comando ping.

ubnt@ubnt:~$ ping
Possible completions:
 <hostname> Send ICMP echo request to specified <hostname|IPv4 address>
 <x.x.x.x>

Opciones de ping:

ubnt@ubnt:~$ ping -help
Usage: ping [-LRUbdfnqrvVaAD] [-c count] [-i interval] [-w deadline]
            [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-I interface]
            [-M pmtudisc-hint] [-m mark] [-S sndbuf]
            [-T tstamp-options] [-Q tos] [hop1 ...] destination

Este es un ejemplo donde se hace ping a un nombre de host:

ubnt@ubnt:~$ ping www.ubnt.com
PING ubnt.com (23.21.93.68) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ec2-23-21-93-68.compute-1.amazonaws.com (23.21.93.68): icmp_req=1 ttl=47 time=80.0 ms
64 bytes from ec2-23-21-93-68.compute-1.amazonaws.com (23.21.93.68): icmp_req=2 ttl=47 time=79.7 ms
^C
--- ubnt.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 79.770/79.917/80.065/0.318 ms

Para hacer ping a una dirección o nombre de host basado en IPv6, use el comando ping6.

ubnt@ubnt:~$ ping6 ipv6.google.com
PING ipv6.google.com(pb-in-x93.1e100.net) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from pb-in-x93.1e100.net: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=27.3 ms
^C
--- ipv6.google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 27.317/27.317/27.317/0.000 ms